Chicxulub Impact Crater Expedition Recovers Core to Further Discovery on the Impact on Life and the Historical Dinosaur Extinction
From April to May 2016, a team of international scientists drilled into the site of an asteroid impact, known as the Chicxulub Impact Crater, which occurred 66 million years ago. The crater is buried several hundred meters below the surface in the Yucatán region of Mexico. Until that time, dinosaurs and marine reptiles dominated the world, but the series of catastrophic events that followed the impact caused the extinction of all large animals, leading to the rise of mammals and evolution of mankind. This joint expedition, organized by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) and International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) recovered a nearly complete set of rock cores from 506 to 1335 meters below the modern day seafloor. These cores are now being studied in detail by an international team of scientists to understand the effects of the impact on life and as a case study of how impacts affect planets.
CT Scans of Cores Provide Deeper Insight Into Core Description and Analysis
Before being shipped to Germany (where the onshore science party took place from September to October 2016), the cores were sent to Houston, TX for CT scanning and imaging. The scanning was done at Weatherford Labs, who performed a high resolution dual energy scan on the entire core. Dual energy scanning utilizes x-rays at two different energy levels. This provides the information necessary to calculate the bulk density and effective atomic numbers of the core. Enthought processed the raw CT data, and provided cleaned CT data along with density and effective atomic number images. The expedition scientists were able to use these images to assist with core description and analysis.
Digital images of the CT scans of the recovered core are displayed side by side with the physical cores for analysis
Information not evident in physical observation (bottom, core photograph) can be observed in CT scans (top)
These images are helping scientists understand the processes that occurred during the impact, how the rock was damaged, and how the properties of the rock were affected. From analysis of images, well log data and laboratory tests it appears that the impact had a permanent effect on rock properties such as density, and the shattered granite in the core is yielding new insights into the mechanics of large impacts.
Virtual Core Provides Co-Visualization of CT Data with Well Log Data, Borehole Images, and Line Scan Photographs for Detailed Interrogation
Enthought’s Virtual Core software was used by the expedition scientists to integrate the CT data along with well log data, borehole images and line scan photographs. This gave the scientists access to high resolution 2D and 3D images of the core, and allowed them to quickly interrogate regions in more detail when questions arose. Virtual Core also provides machine learning feature detection intelligence and visualization capabilities for detailed insight into the composition and structure of the core, which has proved to be a valuable tool both during the onshore science party and ongoing studies of the Chicxulub core.
Enthought’s Virtual Core software was used by the expedition scientists to visualize the CT data alongside well log data, borehole images and line scan photographs.
Related Articles
Drilling to Doomsday
Discover Magazine, October 27, 2016
Chicxulub ‘dinosaur crater’ investigation begins in earnest
BBC News, October 11, 2016
How CT scans help Chicxulub Crater scientists
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Chicxulub Impact Crater Expedition Blog, October 3, 2016
Chicxulub ‘dinosaur’ crater drill project declared a success
BBC Science, May 25, 2016
Scientists hit pay dirt in drilling of dinosaur-killing impact crater
Science Magazine, May 3, 2016
Scientists gear up to drill into ‘ground zero’ of the impact that killed the dinosaurs
Science Magazine, March 3, 2016
Texas scientists probe crater they think led to dinosaur doomsday
Austin American-Statesman, June 2, 2016